Morteza Shokri
Introduction Sanctions became one of the most important foreign policy tools in the US at the end of the Cold War. In the post-Cold War era, sanctions were initially considered effective and morally acceptable as an alternative to military operations. Nevertheless, it was proved from the start that they affected societies in target countries far more adversely than military wars. In recent years, the unwanted outcomes of economic sanctions have been a subject of study in policymaking and academic circles. But such outcomes on the environment have been less discussed. Economic sanctions force the hand of target states to adopt aggressive, unsustainable development policies at the cost of swift environmental...
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