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DESPITE geographical contiguity, availability of a well-defined communication network and Islamic brotherhood, the volume of bilateral trade between Pakistan and Iran is very low. This reduced volume of bilateral trade and commerce is being viewed in the complete disadvantage of both Islamabad and Tehran. Moreover, there are no serious reasons for not pursuing the bilateral trade activities. Critically analysing the potentials and prospects of bilateral trade, it reveals that there exists numerous areas where Pakistan and Iran can cooperate for the promotion of bilateral trade and commerce. For the past few years, Pakistan is facing serious shortages of energy especially the natural gas. Owing to this shortage,...
Iran and South Korea might improve their economic and financial relations if the Asian country will release frozen Iranian assets after having played a positive role in the recent nuclear talks in Vienna. On January 4th, 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea declared that a senior South Korean diplomat would have held talks in Vienna with Iran and world powers to resolve the issue of frozen Iranian assets held in the Asian country. Consequently, the arrival in Vienna of the Vice Foreign Affairs Minister of South Korea, Choi Jong-kun, was interpreted as a positive signal for normalising the situation of the frozen Iranian assets (around 7 billion dollars).[1] The South Korean envoy’s visit...
How much is the loss of Western power to dominate global order, as well as the relative loss of power by the US and its exclusion from world leadership, due to the inefficiencies of the existing order? How will this affect the prevalence of unilateralism or multilateralism in the international order? Given the insignificant literature available on the two concepts of unilateralism and multilateralism, it may not be a bad idea to give an initial definition of these prior to launching into the experiences of recent years and explaining why the concepts were propelled into the epicenter of debates on international relations and international law. Unilateralism refers to a situation in which a country who disregards...
Introduction In recent years, the United States has intensified its unilateral policies to pursue its interests and impose its opinions and wishes on other countries. The failure to fulfill its international obligations, withdrawal from international treaties and organizations, neglecting previous commitments to human rights, environment, and trade, are some of these unilateral policies. Intensified unilateral sanctions in recent years is one of the most significant manifestations of unilateral US policies, aiming to exercise economic and social pressure on other countries and force them to abide by White House strategies. As one of America's rival countries with serious conflicts of interest with...
Introduction During his four years in office, Trump was able to inflict unprecedented damages on the Iranian economy with his special architecture of economic sanctions after nuking the JCPOA. The former US president designed the architecture of comprehensive unilateral sanctions, placing Iranian economy under pressure without international coordination. But by doing so, he demonstrated that his main goal was not simply to sign a better deal. Trump manipulated the sanctions in such a way as to bolster the effect of the fifth column on the political, economic, and social system of Iran for his long-term political and strategic plans. Despite his efforts, however, the mechanism he had planned for the sanctions...
Introduction Sanctions became one of the most important foreign policy tools in the US at the end of the Cold War. In the post-Cold War era, sanctions were initially considered effective and morally acceptable as an alternative to military operations. Nevertheless, it was proved from the start that they affected societies in target countries far more adversely than military wars. In recent years, the unwanted outcomes of economic sanctions have been a subject of study in policymaking and academic circles. But such outcomes on the environment have been less discussed. Economic sanctions force the hand of target states to adopt aggressive, unsustainable development policies at the cost of swift environmental...
Introduction The IR of Iran has optimal manpower, natural resources, geographical environment, and geographical location (geostrategic & transit) potentials which can serve to generate power and strengthen the domestic structure of the establishment. Achieving a strong position and a more effective role in West Asia has always been a foreign policy goal for the IR of Iran. In the meantime, the US is using its unilateral policies and coercive diplomacy to compel Iran to accept its norms within the framework of international organizations, weaken the foundations of its establishment, and prevent the country from attaining regional hegemony. One effective way of strengthening national power and countering US...
Introduction The IR of Iran has faced an array of sanctions since the victory of the Islamic Revolution to date at different times. These foreign pressures and restrictions have taken their toll on the country’s economy. In other words, the sanctions are part of the process to threaten the infrastructure of strategic power in the IR of Iran with the aim of regime change. In addition, the US has also used its maximum pressure approach, pursuing unilateral sanctions to attain its desired objectives in West Asia; unilateral sanctions which lack global legitimacy and consensus, and most governments and businesses are unwilling to be tied to them. In this environment, the security and political requirements of...
I) Introduction Last year, Palestinian stance deteriorated in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, mainly because of Donald Trump’s pro-Israeli actions. The European Union opposed US administration’s peace plan that favored Israel. To some extent, the EU’s opposition contributed to the failure of Trump’s peace plan. The EU’s threats also dissuaded Israelis to annex 30% of West Bank. Overall, despite these two recent victories, the EU remained passive in the face of the constant deterioration of the economic, political and social conditions of the Palestinian people. The EU appears to be unable to do more for the Palestinian cause because of its strategic paralysis regarding...
The findings of an opinion poll carried out by Tehran International Studies & Research Institute (TISRI) show that nearly 70% of Iranian academic elites believe that the strategy of look to the East and the signing of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with China is in line with the requirements of modern-day Iran. TISRI has recently conducted an opinion poll on what the Iranian academic elites think about the IR of Iran’s policy of look to the East and the Iran-China Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Participants included 200 professors from the University of Tehran, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tarbiat Modares University, Shiraz University, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Shahid...
The explosion of a bomb near the embassy of the Zionist regime in New Delhi on 29 January 2020 led to numerous speculations about its perpetrators and their motives. Given that the explosion happened on the 29th anniversary of diplomatic ties between India and the Zionist regime, it was interpreted as an act of terrorism by many, including the Zionist authorities. Previously, on 13 February 2012, the car carrying the spouse of an Israeli diplomat had also been blown up in New Delhi. Ambassador of the Zionist regime in India, Ron Malka, asserted that the two explosions may be linked. The Zionist occupying force pointed the finger at Iran, but Iran explicitly denied all the allegations while calling the...
In his election campaign, Joe Biden always described Trump’s maximum pressure campaign against Iran and his withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal as the wrong step to take, reiterating that Trump never achieved any of the objectives the deal was meant to accomplish. Therefore, the US must pursue its goals and policies in countering Iran by returning to the JCPOA. Although Biden considers Trump’s policy a failure, he still aims to preserve parts of his maximum pressure campaign and lift only part of the sanctions imposed on Iran. He has postponed the lifting of all sanctions until the start of talks on Iran’s missile program and regional affairs. On this side,...
The European belief in a hierarchical world order is an “unnecessary evil” of our time. Although Europe considers the superiority of the US over itself and the superiority of Europe over Iran as a prerequisite for all talks and ties, this short-sighted view by a collection of small countries that consider themselves inferior is not becoming against a country like Iran who can have a say in the age of conflicting ideas due to its demography, surface area, natural resources, and most importantly its elements of hard power, soft power norms, and its noble values and ideals. How can just this one line in the statement issued by the EU three who are participants in the Joint Comprehensive Plan...
The findings of a survey conducted by Tehran International Studies and Research Institute(tisri) in June of this year, regarding the priorities of Iraqi foreign policy, shows that according to the citizens of this country, the Islamic Republic of Iran must be at the Priority of Iraq's foreign policy. The results of the survey, which was conducted among 400 Iraqi citizens of different ethnicities and religions, show that from the aspect of 36.26% of respondents, Iran has still the utmost importance in Iraqi foreign policy. After Iran, the United States with 22.9 percent, Europe Union with 16.42 percent, Persian Gulf countries with 16.2% and Turkey with 8.22% are in the next ranks. The Iraqi...
The US presidential election and its winner have numerous consequences for various global actors and it would not be an exaggeration to say that the debates of the two candidates have a special global audience in politics, research, and academics. Iran is also not an exception to the rule and the success/failure of many of its domestic and foreign policies now depend on the final choice of the campaign. In recent years, Iran has been confronted with the US "maximum pressure" policy, and it goes without saying that it has incurred huge costs in countering it and being influenced by it. Although no one took Donald Trump seriously, he continued to move forward adamantly in some areas regardless of the...
In June 2018 an Iranian diplomat has been arrested based on the false accusation of attempting for a bombing in Paris. And in October 2018, the prosecutors declared that Germany has extradited the Iranian diplomat to Belgium. The Belgian authorities stated that Iranian diplomat has been arrested for attempting to bomb in a meeting of Mujahedeen-e Khalq Organization (MKO) in Paris. It Was to attend this meeting the attorney of the US president, Giuliani, and some of the Arab and European ministers. This diplomat was a member of the Iranian diplomatic mission. He was serving as a Diplomatic agent. One of the important branches of international law is consular and Diplomatic law. The question of immunities is...
The findings of a survey conducted by Tehran International Studies and Research Institute(tisri) in June of this year, regarding the priorities of Iraqi foreign policy, shows that according to the citizens of this country, the Islamic Republic of Iran must be at the Priority of Iraq's foreign policy. The results of the survey, which was conducted among 400 Iraqi citizens of different ethnicities and religions, show that from the aspect of 36.26% of respondents, Iran has still the utmost importance in Iraqi foreign policy. After Iran, the United States with 22.9 percent, Europe Union with 16.42 percent, Persian Gulf countries with 16.2% and Turkey with 8.22% are in the next ranks. Distinctive feature of this...
After the US withdrew from the JCPOA and Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces treaty (INF) now it's time for the Open Skies Treaty (OST). Three types of international agreement which are common in security-military nature. Washington's justification for withdrawing from the treaty as a key treaty on increasing transparency and trust in transatlantic relations, as well as Russia's security-military relations with Europe and the United States, it is the same kind of previous justification. In connection with the withdrawal from this treaty, in terms of the current team of US Security and foreign policy decision making, the problem is that Russia has long violated the treaty, just as it repeatedly violates a...
By increasing the number deaths from coronavirus in the world and excessive economic damage caused by the spread and epidemic of the virus, various theories have been expressed about the causes of the spread of this virus in the world and international relations. Some actors with accusing others seeks to bring up the irresponsibility of the government against the spread of the virus and some have pointed the accusation finger toward China as the source of the virus and they have accused the Chinese government of failing to provide accurate and timely information on the prevalence of coronavirus in the early stages and even in secrecy. In the meantime, some countries have demanded to pay compensation from the...
The viewpoint of Afghan immigrants on the Islamic Republic of Iran's Performance in the Corona Crisis The findings of a survey conducted by Afghan immigrants living in Iran shows that 71% of respondents were fully satisfied with the provision of healthcare to Afghan migrants and in contrast, 10.5 percent in this regard, they Have evaluated the performance of the Iranian government weak. Also, 75% of the respondents the social cohesion of the Iranian people in the face of the Corona crisis have known very good and acceptable. Respondents believed that, respectively the performance of the governments of Iran, China and Germany, in the face of the Corona crisis has been favorable and the performance of the...
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